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Miles Morales is a fictional superhero who appears in comic books published by Marvel Comics, in particular the monthly series ''Ultimate Comics: Spider-Man''. The character was created by writer Brian Michael Bendis and artist Sara Pichelli, with Bendis and Marvel editor-in-chief Axel Alonso drawing inspiration from both U.S. President Barack Obama and American actor Donald Glover. Miles Morales first appeared in ''Ultimate Fallout'' #4 (August 2011), following the death of Peter Parker. A teenager of Black Hispanic descent, Miles is the second Spider-Man to appear in Ultimate Marvel, an imprint with a separate continuity from the mainstream Marvel Universe. Although Morales featured in the ''Ultimate Comics: Spider-Man'' comic book series, he is not the lead character in the ''Ultimate Spider-Man'' animated TV series that debuted in April 2012 on Disney XD.〔("Marvel's New Ultimate Spider-Man Miles Morales: A Significant And Safe Leap Forward" ). Inside Pulse. August 4, 2011〕 After Marvel ended the Ultimate imprint in 2015, Miles was made a character in the main Marvel Universe, beginning with stories under the All-New, All-Different Marvel brand published that same year. Reaction to the character varied, with some, including Spider-Man's creator, Stan Lee, approving the creation of a positive role model for non-white children, to displeasure at the replacement of Peter Parker, with some decrying it as a publicity stunt motivated by political correctness, a charge Alonso denied. Alexandra Petri of ''The Washington Post'' called for the character to be judged on the quality of its stories, which have garnered positive reviews. The character possesses powers similar to those of the original Spider-Man, which were derived from the bite of a spider genetically engineered by Spider-Man's nemesis Norman Osborn in an attempt to duplicate those abilities. ==Conception and publication history== The concept of a black Spider-Man was first discussed a few months before the November 2008 election of Barack Obama as President of the United States. Marvel Comics editor-in-chief Axel Alonso describes the catalyst, "When we were planning “Ultimatum,” we realized that we were standing at the brink of America electing its first African-American President and we acknowledged that maybe it was time to take a good look at one of our icons.". This new Spider-Man was considered a possible part of the 2008-09 "Ultimatum" story arc that restructured much of the Ultimate Marvel universe, but those early thoughts were abandoned because the story for that character had not yet been developed.〔 Bendis said thoughts about the character were further reinforced by African American actor Donald Glover's appearance wearing Spider-Man pajamas in "Anthropology 101", the second season premiere of the television comedy series ''Community''. This was a reference to an unsuccessful online campaign that attempted to secure Glover an audition for the lead role in the 2012 film ''The Amazing Spider-Man''. Bendis said of Glover, "I saw him in the costume and thought, 'I would like to read that book.' So I was glad I was writing that book." When the Marvel Comics staff decided that the Ultimate universe's Peter Parker would be killed in the 2011 storyline "Death of Spider-Man", the character Miles Morales was created.〔 Although Morales is the first black Spider-Man, he marks the second time a Latino character has taken the Spider-Man identity. Miguel O'Hara, who is of half Mexican descent, was the title character in the series ''Spider-Man 2099''. Morales has replaced Parker as Spider-Man only in Ultimate Marvel, a parallel universe that re-imagines the characters. Miles Morales was created by comic book writer Brian Michael Bendis and artist Sara Pichelli.〔 Morales was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York City, the son of an African American father and a Puerto Rican mother. Axel Alonso has described Miles as an intelligent nerd with an aptitude for science similar to his predecessor, Peter Parker.〔〔Sacks, Ethan (June 21, 2015). ("EXCLUSIVE: Spider-Man Miles Morales — popular biracial version of the hero — joins main Marvel comics universe this fall" ). ''Daily News'' (New York).〕 The character made his debut in the fourth issue of the ''Ultimate Fallout'' limited series, which was released on August 3, 2011. He later starred in the relaunched ''Ultimate Comics: Spider-Man'' series, written by Bendis and drawn by Pichelli, in September 2011.〔〔Wheeler, Andrew (August 15, 2013). ("The Crossover: Should Ultimate Spider-Man Miles Morales Move to the Marvel Universe? (Opinion)" ). Comics Alliance.〕 In contrasting Miles with Peter Parker, Bendis has depicted different conflicts and anxieties for the character. Right after acquiring his superhuman abilities from a spider bite at the home of his uncle, Aaron, whom Miles admires but he does not initially know is a career criminal, Miles' father, Jefferson, explains to Miles that before Miles was born, Jefferson and Aaron were thieves who spent time in prison, and that while Jefferson reformed when he got older, Aaron has not. According to Bendis, this gives Miles cause to wonder if the traits that lead to criminal behavior are hardwired into his DNA, leading him to question whether he is essentially a good person or not, and what his future holds for him.〔Richards, Dave (September 30, 2011). ("COMMENTARY TRACK: Bendis on "Ultimate Comics Spider-Man" #2" ). Comic Book Resources.〕 These issues further haunt Miles after he becomes disillusioned with Aaron, and Aaron dies from an accidental explosion triggered during a battle between the two of them, saying, "You are just like me" to Miles before dying. In creating the visual look for Miles, Pichelli followed her usual practice of approaching the design by giving thought to the character's personality, including the background that influenced it, and the distinctive traits that he would exhibit, such as the clothing he wears, his body language and expressions.〔Weiland, Jonah (October 23, 2013). ("CBR TV: Sara Pichelli on Designing Miles Morales & Being a Rising Star" ). Comic Book Resources.〕 Pichelli also designed Spider-Man's new costume, a mostly black outfit with red webbing and a red spider logo. Pichelli had worked on four issues of ''Ultimate Spider-Man'' before she was approached to work on the new title with Miles Morales. Pichelli, who works with a Cintiq 12wx graphic tablet,〔 added more screentones to her illustrations to give what she called "a more 'pop' feeling to the book, because I think it would fit perfectly with the new series".〔 In 2012, Morales appeared in the miniseries ''Spider-Men'', in which he encounters the Spider-Man of the original Marvel universe.〔 In June 2013, the character appeared in the climax of ''Age of Ultron'' #10 (also written by Brian Michael Bendis). In the storyline, which depicts major changes to the space-time continuum as a result of the time travel on the part of the original Marvel versions of Susan Richards and Wolverine, Miles witnesses the coming of the mainstream Marvel Galactus to Earth.〔Bendis, Brian Michael (w), Pacheco, Carlos (p), Bonet, Roger (i). ''Age of Ultron'' #10 (August 2013), Marvel Comics〕 Despite its initial press and critical reception, ''Ultimate Comics Spider-Man'' was not a huge hit in the direct market. By August 2013, sales on the title had slipped, and sales for the other two Ultimate titles, ''Ultimate Comics X-Men'' and ''Ultimate Comics The Ultimates'', had dropped to numbers at which mainstream Marvel titles are cancelled.〔 That November, ''Ultimate Comics Spider-Man'' ended its run with issue #28, and the other two titles ended along with it, to make way for the miniseries ''Cataclysm: Ultimate Spider-Man'', one of the books in the crossover storyline "Cataclysm", in which the heroes of the Ultimate universe face the threat of the Marvel 616 Galactus, and Miles is transported to the mainstream Marvel universe.〔〔Johnston, Rich (August 15, 2013). ("All Ultimate Titles Cancelled In November And Replaced With Cataclysm… And Miles Morales Is Headed To The Marvel Universe" ). Bleeding Cool.〕 In January 2014, it was announced that following "Cataclysm", Miles would begin starring in a new title called ''Miles Morales: Ultimate Spider-Man'', as part of Ultimate Marvel Now, an initiative with which Marvel will relaunch the Ultimate Marvel line. Miles Morales will also be a main character in the ''All-New Ultimates'', in which he will join a team of young heroes that will include Kitty Pryde, Bombshell, Cloak and Dagger, and a new Black Widow. The former title is written by Bendis, while the latter is written by Michel Fiffe and drawn by Amilcar Pinna.〔Hughes, Joseph (January 10, 2014). ("Marvel To Relaunch The Ultimate Universe With Three New Series From Bendis, Marquez, Fialkov, Fiffe And More" ). Comics Alliance.〕〔Siegel, Lucas (January 10, 2014). ("Update: More All-New ULTIMATE NOW! Details, Covers Emerge" ). Newsarama.〕 both series ran for 12 issues. The twelfth and final issue of ''Miles Morales: Ultimate Spider-Man'' concluded with a cliffhanger that led directly into the 2015 "Secret Wars" storyline. Marvel ended the Ultimate Marvel imprint with the "Secret Wars" storyline, in which the Marvel Universe will merge with other alternate universes, including the Ultimate Universe.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Marvel Unveils 'Battleworld' Map Ahead of 2015's 'Secret Wars' )〕 Following "Secret Wars", Miles will become a character of the mainstream Marvel Universe, in which he will be a member of the titular team in ''All-New, All-Different Avengers''.〔Kamen, Matt (March 6, 2015). ("Exclusive: Marvel's first post-Secret Wars titles revealed" ). ''Wired''.〕 He will also headline a new series, titled simply ''Spider-Man'', which will debut February 3, 2015, with Bendis and Pichelli returning as the creative team.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Spider-Man (Miles Morales)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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